Factors Affecting Career Preference of Undergraduate Students

Salman  Khatri; Usman Waraich

doi:10.52633/jemi.v1i1.40

Authors

Salman Khatri Institute of Business Management Author
Usman Waraich Institute of Business Management Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52633/jemi.v1i1.40

Keywords:

Small & Medium Sized Enterprises, Social Media Marketing, Transactional Marketing Mechanisms

Abstract

The objective of this research is to identify the preference factors of undergraduate students in their career decisions. The method used in this research is mixed i.e., quantitative and qualitative. The data was collected through online surveys from the Institute of Business Management Karachi. This research gives the explanation about the career preferences that students make during their studies. This research gives an explanation of how individuals are handling their work-life, how they have selected their careers and what challenges they face overall in their career life. In addition, the paper attempts to extract a detailed view of job vs business. The results demonstrated that more than half of the students have not gone through mentoring in early stage which causes issues in the future for them. Moreover, the experiential part of the study tries to provide awareness to our government and the parents so that this mistake would not be repeated and students should be allowed to excel in their own choice. On the other hand, this report guides us about the path of doing things right and making the world do things in the right way as there are some major concerns to be highlighted at that time otherwise it has no importance afterwards like student needs proper time and attention of their parents and guardians at the time of choosing careers, once its locked it has no way back.

References

Acs, Z. (2006). How is entrepreneurship good for economic growth?. Innovations, 1(1), 97-107.

Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behaviour. In Action control (pp. 11-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational behaviour and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.

Allport, G. W. (1935). Attitudes.

Altay, Javier Monllor Nezih. "Discovering opportunities in necessity: the inverse creative destruction effect."

Athayde, R. (2012). The impact of enterprise education on attitudes to enterprise in young people: an evaluation study. Education+ training, 54(8/9), 709-726.

Bayon, M. C., Lafuente, E., & vaillant, Y. (2016). Human capital and the decision to exploit the innovative opportunity. Management Decision, 54(7).

Benzing, C., Chu, H. M., & Kara, O. (2009). Entrepreneurs in Turkey: A factor analysis of motivations, success factors, and problems. Journal of small business management, 47(1), 58-91.

Bhardwaj, B. R., & Wahi, S. (2013). Determinants of institutional parameters for enhancing the entrepreneurial environment in the Indian context: a model for sustainable growth. International Journal of Entrepreneurship & Business Environment Perspectives, 2(3), 520.

Block, J., Sandner, P., & Spiegel, F. (2015). How do risk attitudes differ within the group of entrepreneurs? Role of motivation and procedural utility. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 183-206.

Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., De Massis, A., Frattini, F., & Wright, M. (2015). The ability and willingness paradox in family firm innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(3), 310-318.

Dabic, M., Daim, T., Bayraktaroglu, E., Novak, I., & Basic, M. (2012). Exploring gender differences in attitudes of university students towards entrepreneurship: an international survey. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 4(3), 316-336.

Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of business venturing, 18(3), 301-331.

Dietrich, C. (2010). Decision making: factors that influence decision making, heuristics used,

and decision outcomes. Student Pulse, 2(02).

Dimov, D. (2010). Nascent entrepreneurs and venture emergence: Opportunity confidence, human capital, and early planning. Journal of Management Studies, 47(6), 1123-1153.

Dinis, A., do Paço, A., Ferreira, J., Raposo, M., & Gouveia Rodrigues, R. (2013). Psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intentions among secondary students. Education+ Training, 55(8/9), 763-780.

Fayolle, A., Liñán, F., & Moriano, J. A. (2014). Beyond entrepreneurial intentions: values and motivations in entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10(4), 679-689.

Ferreira, J. J., Raposo, M. L., Gouveia Rodrigues, R., Dinis, A., & do Paço, A. (2012). A model of entrepreneurial intention: The application of psychological and behavioural approaches. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(3), 424-440.

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & William, C. (1998). Black (1998), Multivariate data analysis.

Haus, I., Steinmetz, H., Isidor, R., & Kabst, R. (2013). Gender effects on entrepreneurial intention: A meta-analytical structural equation model.International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 130-156.

Heuer, A., & Kolvereid, L. (2014). Education in Entrepreneurship and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. European Journal of Training and Development, 38(6), 506-523.

Hörnqvist, M. L., & Leffler, E. (2013). Principals’ Leadership in Nurturing an Entrepreneurial Attitude. In European Conference for Educational Research (ECER).

Hui-Chen, C., Kuen-Hung, T., & -Yi, P. (2014). The entrepreneurial process: an integrated model. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10(4), 727-745.

Hytti, U., Stenholm, P., Heinonen, J., & Seikkula-Leino, J. (2010). Perceived learning outcomes in entrepreneurship education: The impact of student motivation and team behaviour. Education+Training, 52(8/9), 587-606.

Jarvis, L. C. (2016). Identification, intentions and entrepreneurial opportunities: an integrative process model. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(2), 182-198.

Kautonen, T., Gelderen, M., & Fink, M. (2015). Robustness of the theory of planned behaviour in predicting entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(3), 655-674.

Kolvereid, L., & Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-ups and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(6), 866-885.

Krech, D., & Crutchfield, R. S. (1948). Theory and problems of social psychology.

Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development,5(4), 315-330.

Krueger, N., & Dickson, P. R. (1994). How believing in ourselves increases risk-taking: Perceived self‐efficacy and opportunity recognition. Decision Sciences, 25(3), 385-400.

Lee, J. (1996). The motivation of women entrepreneurs in Singapore. Women in Management Review, 11(2), 18-29.

Linan, F. (2008). Skill and value perceptions: how do they affect entrepreneurial intentions? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(3), 257-272.

Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: A role in education. International entrepreneurship and management Journal, 7(2), 195-218.

Lortie, J., & Castogiovanni, G. (2015). The theory of planned behaviour in entrepreneurship research: what we know and future directions. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 935-957.

Maresch, D., Harms, R., Kailer, N., & Wimmer-Wurm, B. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intentions of students in science and engineering versus business studies university programs.Technological forecasting and social change, 104, 172-179.

Marques, C. S., Ferreira, J., J., Gomes, D. N., & Gouveia Rodrigues, R. (2012). Entrepreneurship education: How psychological, demographic and behavioural factors predict entrepreneurial intention. Education+ Training,54(8/9), 657-672.

Morrison, A., Breen, J., & Ali, S. (2003). Small business growth: intention, ability, and opportunity. Journal of small business management, 41(4), 417-425.

Nunnally, J. (1978). C.(1978). Psychometric theory.

Phillips, N., & Tracey, P. (2007). Opportunity recognition, entrepreneurial capabilities and bricolage: connecting institutional theory and entrepreneurship in the strategic organization. Strategic organization, 5(3), 313.

Pihie, Z. A. L., & Bagheri, A. (2013). Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention: The mediation effect of self-regulation. Vocations and Learning,6(3), 385-401.

Rae, D., & Ruth Woodier-Harris, N. (2013). How does enterprise and entrepreneurship education influence postgraduate students’ career intentions in the New Era economy? Education+ Training, 55(8/9), 926-948.

Rosairo, H. R., & Potts, D. J. (2016). A study on entrepreneurial attitudes of upcountry vegetable farmers in Sri Lanka. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 6(1), 39-58.

Sahut, J. M., & Peris-Ortiz, M. (2014). Small business, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 42(4), 663-668.

Sakari Soininen, J., Puumalainen, K., Sjögrén, H., Syrjä, P., & Durst, S. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation in small firms–values-attitudes-behaviour approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research,19(6), 611-632.

Sarasvathy, S. D., Dew, N., Velamuri, S. R., & Venkataraman, S. (2003). Three views of entrepreneurial opportunity. In Handbook of entrepreneurship research (pp. 141-160). Springer US.

Schlaegel, C., & Koenig, M. (2014). Determinants of entrepreneurial intent: a meta‐analytic test and integration of competing models. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 291-332.

Shane, S. (2012). Reflections on the 2010 AMR decade award: delivering on the promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 10-20.

Shane, S. A. (2003). A general theory of entrepreneurship: The individual-opportunity nexus. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Sheeran, P., Trafimow, D., Finlay, K. A., & Norman, P. (2002). Evidence that the type of person affects the strength of the perceived behavioural control‐intention relationship. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41(2), 253-270.

Solesvik, M. Z. (2013). Entrepreneurial motivations and intentions: investigating the role of Education major. Education+ Training, 55(3), 253-271.