Solid Waste Management: Environmental Impact and Solutions, Especially Focused to Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52633/jemi.v5i1.249Keywords:
Solid Waste Management, Recycling Energy Recovery, Pollution, Solid WasteAbstract
In current times, the worldwide level of municipal solid waste (MSW) production is a burning issue because it is generated nearly 2.24 billion tonnes annually and is not managed in an ecologically prudent manner. The global population is predicted to touch 9.7 billion, of which about 90% of this is settled in urban regions. With this calculation, worldwide waste is estimated to rise to 3.40 billion tonnes by 2050. Every country in the region has different values. Pakistan generates approximately 49.6 million tons of solid waste annually, which is growing by 2.4% per year. This paper deals with problems related to waste, differences in waste composition, and quantities for different regions around the globe and then discusses how a waste management system in Pakistan works. It also highlights the impact of waste on water, soil, air, and public health. Finally, the paper explores waste management solutions such as recycling and waste to energy potential in Pakistan. It is concluded that vast amounts of waste can be converted into energy. It was estimated through different studies that almost 100 m3/ton could be produced from organic waste in a city in Pakistan. Thus, this paper is a blueprint highlighting the solid waste management issues in Pakistan and provides policy recommendations to mitigate the waste management issues.
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